Emmett M, Narins RG. Emmett M, Narins RG — Clinical use of the anion gap. Medicine(Baltimore). 1977;56(1):38-54
Clinical interpretation history. Emmett and Narins should not be described as inventors of anion-gap arithmetic.
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Robert G. Narins
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Nephrology and medical education
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Robert G. Narins, MD, was a nephrologist especially recognized for education in fluid, electrolyte and acid-base medicine. The American Society of Nephrology named its major education award after him, reflecting his influence as a teacher and mentor. With Michael Emmett, he co-authored the 1977 review “Clinical use of the anion gap,” an important work on clinical interpretation rather than the invention of anion-gap arithmetic.
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Michael Emmett, MD, MACP, is a nephrologist and medical educator whose work has focused on acid-base disorders, fluid and electrolyte physiology, mineral metabolism and kidney disease. He is Chief of Internal Medicine Emeritus at Baylor University Medical Center. In 1977, with Robert G. Narins, he published the influential review “Clinical use of the anion gap,” which helped establish the anion gap as a practical framework for evaluating acid-base disorders; the paper did not invent the underlying arithmetic.
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Reference data verified: 2026-08-11
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