Smithline-Gardner Calculated Serum Osmolality Formula
Equation attributed to Kenneth D. Gardner Jr.
Used for: Clinical estimation of serum/plasma osmolality from sodium, glucose and urea/BUN measurements
KD
Laboratory methods
Kenneth D. Gardner Jr
Research profile. Kenneth D. Gardner Jr is not affiliated with or endorsed by MedMaths.
Renal medicine
Smithline-Gardner Calculated Serum Osmolality Formula
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Overview
Kenneth D. Gardner Jr, MD, was affiliated with the Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Disease, University of New Mexico School of Medicine when he co-authored the 1976 JAMA article ‘Gaps—Anionic and Osmolal’ with Neil Smithline. The paper described clinical use of osmolal gaps and is associated with the simple calculated-serum-osmolality equation used by MedMaths. This profile is deliberately limited to details verified from the original publication record.
- Specialty
- Renal medicine
- Institutions
- University of New Mexico School of Medicine
Formula history
Research contributions
Evidence trail
Original research
Smithline N, Gardner KD Jr. Smithline N, Gardner KD Jr — Gaps—Anionic and Osmolal. JAMA. 1976;236(14):1594-1597
Historical source for the 1976 Smithline-Gardner bedside osmolal-gap framework associated with the simple calculated-osmolality equation used by MedMaths. This attribution is not a claim that the authors were the first to calculate serum osmolality.
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Smithline-Gardner Calculated Serum Osmolality Formula
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This source-based research reference profile draws on the original publications above and verified external sources. Kenneth D. Gardner Jr is not affiliated with or endorsed by MedMaths. Unconfirmed fields are left blank rather than estimated.
Reference data verified: 2026-08-12
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