Smithline-Gardner Calculated Serum Osmolality Formula
Equation attributed to Kenneth D. Gardner Jr.
Used for: Clinical estimation of serum/plasma osmolality from sodium, glucose and urea/BUN measurements
KD
Laboratory methods
Kenneth D. Gardner Jr
Research profile. Kenneth D. Gardner Jr is not affiliated with or endorsed by MedMaths.
Renal medicine
Smithline-Gardner Calculated Serum Osmolality Formula
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Overview
Kenneth D. Gardner Jr, MD, was affiliated with the Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Disease, University of New Mexico School of Medicine when he co-authored the 1976 JAMA article ‘Gaps—Anionic and Osmolal’ with Neil Smithline. The paper described clinical use of osmolal gaps and is associated with the simple calculated-serum-osmolality equation used by MedMaths. This profile is deliberately limited to details verified from the original publication record.
- Specialty
- Renal medicine
- Institutions
- University of New Mexico School of Medicine
Formula history
Research contributions
Evidence trail
Original research
Smithline N, Gardner KD Jr. Smithline N, Gardner KD Jr — Gaps—Anionic and Osmolal. JAMA. 1976;236(14):1594-1597
Historical source for the 1976 Smithline-Gardner bedside osmolal-gap framework associated with the simple calculated-osmolality equation used by MedMaths. This attribution is not a claim that the authors were the first to calculate serum osmolality.
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Smithline-Gardner Calculated Serum Osmolality Formula
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This profile summarizes the published work and draws on the original publications above and verified external sources. It isn't a calculator or clinical advice. Kenneth D. Gardner Jr isn't affiliated with MedMaths and hasn't endorsed it. Anything we couldn't confirm is left blank, not estimated.
Reference data verified: 2026-08-12
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